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China’s FAST initially detects new phenomenon of ‘Black Widow’ pulsars

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Chinese researchers, for the first time, used the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), the world’s largest single-dish and most sensitive radio telescope developed by China, to detect the extreme turbulence of plasma in the dense binary system, providing new clues to the eclipse mechanism of the “Black Widow” pulsars (BWPs), the Science and Technology Daily reported on Monday.

The study, led by researchers from China and the Western Sydney University, was published in the monthly journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, a professional academic journal of international astronomy

Screenshot of the published paper.

What are ‘Black Widow’ pulsars?

Millisecond pulsars are categorized as fast-spinning neutron stars and their rotation period lasts only for a few milliseconds.

The BWPs are named by astronomers as a special type of millisecond pulsars with dense binary system consisting of millisecond pulsar and a low-mass star, especially for the companion star is being cannibalized by the pulsars’ intense radiation.

Zhi Qijun, dean of the Physics and Electronics School of Science of Guizhou Normal University, also director of the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Data Processing, said, “many BWPs have been observed with mysterious radio signal eclipses, which are generally thought to be caused by orbiting plasmas that interfere with the propagation of radio radiation.”

Nonetheless, the nature of this plasma is still unclear, Zhi added, noting that the lack of clarity is mainly due to the previous installed radio telescopes, especially those in the mid- and high-frequency bands, which lack sensitivity.

An illustration image of the B1957+20 binary system as the cyan beam being the radio emission of the pulsar propagating through the extremely turbulent plasma surrounding the low-mass companion star. /Guizhou Daily

How FAST helps to pursuit new findings?

Thanks to FAST’s ultra-high sensitivity, researchers finally detected the scattering of radio pulses near the occultation region of the BWPs B1957+20 for the first time.

The deeper they detected into the eclipse center, the wider and stronger the radio pulse profile radiated by the pulsar became, with a maximum rotation period of 0.2 milliseconds.

CGTN graphics designed by Chen Yuyang

The observations provide the first evidence of strong scattering due to multipath propagation effects in the eclipsing material, with results showing that the eclipsing material in such systems can be highly turbulent and scattering is one of the main eclipsing mechanisms at around high-frequency (1.4 GHz) radio radiation.

In addition, researchers also stated that these findings will have important implications for the origin of the pulse broadening observed in fast radio bursts (FRBs).

Source: CGTN 

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UN adopts first global artificial intelligence resolution to ensure AI is safe

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The United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the first global resolution on artificial intelligence on Thursday, encouraging countries to safeguard human rights, protect personal data, and monitor AI for risks.

The nonbinding resolution, proposed by the United States and co-sponsored by China along with over 120 other nations, also advocates for the strengthening of privacy policies.

“Today, all 193 members of the United Nations General Assembly have spoken in one voice, and together, chosen to govern artificial intelligence rather than let it govern us,” U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said.

The resolution is the latest in a series of initiatives – few of which carry significant enforceability – by governments around the world to shape AI’s development amid fears it could disrupt democratic processes, turbocharge fraud, or lead to dramatic job losses, among other harms.

“The improper or malicious design, development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence systems … pose risks that could … undercut the protection, promotion and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms,” the measure states.

In November, the U.S., Britain and more than a dozen other countries unveiled the first detailed international agreement on how to keep artificial intelligence safe from rogue actors, pushing for companies to create AI systems that are “secure by design.”

Europe is ahead of the United States, with EU lawmakers adopting a provisional agreement this month to oversee the technology. The Biden administration has been pressing lawmakers for AI regulation, but a polarized U.S. Congress has made little headway. In the meantime, the White House sought to reduce AI risks to consumers, workers, and minorities while also bolstering national security with a new executive order in October.

The resolution aims to close the digital divide between rich developed countries and poorer developing countries to ensure that all are included in discussions on AI. It also aims to ensure that developing countries have the technology and capabilities to take advantage of AI’s benefits, including detecting diseases, predicting floods, helping farmers, and training the next generation of workers.

The resolution recognizes the rapid acceleration of AI development and use and stresses “the urgency of achieving global consensus on safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems.”

It also acknowledges that “the governance of artificial intelligence systems is an evolving area” that requires further discussions on possible governance approaches and emphasizes that innovation and regulation are mutually reinforcing – not mutually exclusive.

Source(s): CGTN

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Beijing still tops Nature Index global science city rankings

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Beijing has consistently ranked first in the global science city rankings for eight consecutive years, as measured by the Nature Index, according to Yin Yong, deputy secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Beijing Municipal Committee and mayor of Beijing.

Nature Index tracks the authorship of articles in prestigious research journals and Beijing’s ranking has shown that the city remains the top science city in the world.

On Tuesday, China’s State Council Information Office held a press conference on leveraging Beijing’s strategic role as the national capital, initiating a new chapter in high-quality development. Yin made the remarks while he answered questions from the media at the press conference.

Yin also introduced the capital’s achievement in seeking scientific and technological innovation and attracting high-level talent in science and technology.

Beijing has 92 colleges and universities, and more than 1,000 research institutes and its numbers of national laboratories and large scientific installations are ranked first in the country.

Beijing’s investment in research and development has also been among the largest in the country. Every 10,000 people in Beijing hold an average of over 262 invention patents, ranking first in China.

The capital has a large talent pool with more than 550,000 scientific researchers. In the field of artificial intelligence, for instance, Beijing’s top talent accounts for about 43 percent of the country’s total.

An average of 337 technology-based enterprises are established in Beijing every day, and the number of national high-tech enterprises and unicorn enterprises rank first among all cities in the country.

Source(s): CGTN

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Newly operated Hydro-floating solar project showcases China-Thailand cooperation in clean energy

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KHON KAEN, Thailand, March 5 (Xinhua) — A hydro-floating solar project jointly built by Chinese and Thai companies started commercial operation on Tuesday to support Thailand’s development of clean energy.

The Ubolratana Dam hydro-floating solar hybrid power plant, located in Thailand’s northeastern Khon Kaen province, integrates floating solar panels, clean hydropower, high-efficiency energy storage systems, and smart energy management systems, according to Dongfang Electric International Corporation, one of the world’s largest manufacturers of power-generating equipment that built the project with its Thai partner.

Jiraporn Sirikum, deputy governor of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), said building floating solar hybrid power plants is an important step toward the clean energy production and power stability of Thailand, praising the Chinese and the Thai companies for being able to deliver the project ahead of schedule.

“This showed a serious commitment to promoting clean energy in Thailand. We sincerely hope that the floating solar will help to promote clean energy for the community economy and local society,” Jiraporn told a commercial operation launching ceremony.

Liu Hongmei, Chinese Consul General in Khon Kaen, said she believed that the project’s commercial operation would bring greater well-being to the people of Northeast Thailand and mark a new milestone for Chinese enterprise investment in the region.

The Ubolratana Dam hydro-floating solar hybrid power plant is its second such hydro-floating solar project, said EGAT, which aims to build more such projects nationwide to promote clean energy.

Source(s): Xinhua

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